NATION — The body creates scabs to protect wounds from bacteria. If bacteria do get in, the wound can become infected. This may cause a crusty, yellow scab to develop. Medical treatments and home remedies may help.
What is a scab?
A scab is a collection of material, such as blood and skin cells, that forms a protective layer over damaged skin. They form to protect injured skin from bacteria and infections.
Can a scab become infected?
If a scab cracks, dislodges, or otherwise fails to keep bacteria out, they can enter the wound and cause a skin infection.
The term “infected scab” is misleading. The scab itself is made of dead cells and cannot become infected. It is the wound that becomes infected.
Signs of infection under a scab
People may be able to tell when a wound underneath a scab is infected by how the scab looks, as well as the presence of other symptoms.
Symptoms that the wound under a scab is infected include the following:
- The skin around the wound is hot to the touch
- There is pain around the wound
- Local redness or discoloration and swelling
- Pus draining from the wound, which can look like a yellow crust
- A fever
- A strong smell coming from the wound
Other indicators
If the scab appears to be getting bigger after several days instead of staying the same size or getting smaller, this can also indicate an infection. A common misconception is that if a scab is black instead of deep red or brown, the area is infected. This may simply mean the scab has been in place for a long period of time.
Home remedies for an infected scab
If a person suspects that they have an infected wound underneath a scab, the first stage of treatment is to make sure that the wound is clean and dry.
The United Kingdom’s Nation Health Service (NHS) gives the following tips for cleaning a wound:
- Thoroughly wash and dry hands before cleaning or dressing a wound.
- Rinse the wound under running tap water for 5-10 minutes.
- Gently pat the area dry with a clean towel or tissues.
- Apply a sterile dressing, such as an adhesive bandage or gauze secured with tape.
- If blood or fluid leaks through the dressing, leave it in place and put another dressing over the top.
Things to avoid when treating a scab
There are certain things a person should avoid when caring for a wound. Examples of what not to do include the following:
- Refrain from cleaning the wound with disinfectants or other harsh chemicals. These can be more damaging than beneficial.
- Avoid picking at the scab or removing it completely, even if a person suspects an infection. Retaining a portion of the scab can still protect the wound.
- Avoid keeping a non-draining wound covered. According to a 2015 review, there is no evidence to suggest that applying a bandage to a closed, clean, dry wound reduces the risk of infection.
- Applying high-end or expensive bandages is not necessary. When it comes to wound care, keep things simple unless a doctor recommends otherwise. Cleaning the area with water and applying gauze is usually enough.
- Do not use over-the-counter topical antibiotics such as Neosporin or Triple Antibiotic. Some individuals may experience an allergic reaction to these medications.
As well as practicing proper cleansing techniques, people can take nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen to reduce wound pain and swelling. However, people should always consult a healthcare professional before starting any new medications.
Medical treatments for skin infections
If a wound starts to show signs of infection, a healthcare professional may recommend the following treatments:
- Take antibiotics to reduce the presence of infectious bacteria in the body.
- Apply ointments locally to promote wound healing. These may be anything from medicinal honey to silver-impregnated ointments that work to deter bacteria.
- If a wound is large or in a delicate area such as the groin, a doctor may recommend washing out the wound in a surgical environment under anesthesia. This can minimize pain as well as infection risk.
- Apply a wound vacuum, or “vac,” to the wound. This is a special device that exerts vacuum pressure to continually drain the wound of blood and pus. The wound must be open for the wound vac to be effective.
Healthcare professionals can approach wound healing techniques in a variety of ways depending on the wound’s location, a person’s overall health, and the organism causing the infection. They should provide specific post-care instructions as to how to treat the wound moving forward.
When to see a doctor
People should contact a healthcare professional if they experience any of the following symptoms related to a scab:
- The wound is draining pus or cloudy material, because this may indicate an infection
- Bleeding that does not stop after applying pressure once a person removes the scab
- Extreme pain and discomfort at the injury site
- Signs of infection from a skin wound related to an animal bite, human bite, or rusted metal object, such as stepping on a nail
- Swelling to such an extent that it affects circulation
If the scab seems to be increasing in size instead of decreasing, a person should also contact a healthcare professional. If the wound is large, worsening, severely infected, causing fever or other symptoms, or affecting circulation, a person should seek immediate medical attention.
Preventing infections
People can often prevent infections by keeping an open wound clean and dry. Refraining from disrupting the scab until it falls off on its own can also help. The area around a scab can become itchy or feel tight after a few days, but try to refrain from itching the scab. Scratching a scab can dislodge or crack it, increasing the risk of bacteria entering the wound.
Summary
Scabs are the body’s natural mechanism for protecting wounds and preventing bacteria from entering the skin. If a scab does not fully protect the wound, people can develop skin infections below the scab. Symptoms of an infection include yellow pus draining from the wound, heat, redness, and swelling around the injury site.
For a suspected infection, use simple cleaning methods and speak with a healthcare professional about the best course of treatment if concerned. To prevent infections, people should keep the wound clean and dry and avoid cracking or removing scabs as the wound heals.
— By Rachel Nall, MSN, CRNA (BPT)
